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devastação

Alimentos é poder e os poderosos nos estão a envenenar

Por Chris Hedges, reeditado pelo truthdig.com

Nossa arma mais poderosa política é a comida. Se tomarmos de volta a nossa agricultura, se comprar e aumentar a produzir localmente, podemos começar a quebrar o domínio das corporações que controlam um sistema alimentar tão frágil, insegura e destinados a entrar em colapso quando o nosso sistema financeiro. Se continuarmos a permitir que empresas para determinar o que comemos, assim como a comida é colhida e distribuída, então vamos tornar cativo ao aumento dos preços ea escassez cada vez mais dependente e barata, comida produzida em massa cheia de açúcar e gordura. Alimentos, juntamente com a energia, será a questão mais premente da nossa época. E se não construir redes alternativas de alimentos em breve, as ramificações políticas e sociais de escassez e fome será devastador.

Os efeitos da mudança climática, especialmente com as secas generalizadas na Austrália, África, Califórnia e do Centro-Oeste, juntamente com o aumento do custo de combustíveis fósseis, já arruinou a ambientes de milhões. Os pobres muitas vezes pode não ter recursos para uma dieta equilibrada. Preços globais dos alimentos aumentaram uma média de 43 por cento desde 2007, segundo o Fundo Monetário Internacional. Estes aumentos têm sido terríveis para as cerca de 1 bilhão de pessoas, um sexto da população do mundo que subsiste com menos de 1 dólar por dia. E 162 milhões destas pessoas sobrevivem com menos de 50 centavos por dia. Os pobres do mundo gastam tanto quanto 60 por cento de sua renda em alimentos, de acordo com o International Food Policy Research Institute.

Houve motins da fome em muitas partes do mundo, incluindo a Áustria, Hungria, México, Namíbia, Zimbabwe, Marrocos, Iêmen, Mauritânia, Senegal e Uzbequistão. Rússia e Paquistão introduziram racionamento de comida. Tropas paquistanesas guarda trigo importado. Índia proibiu a exportação de arroz, exceto para high-end basmati. E a escassez e aumentos de preços estão sendo sentidos no mundo industrializado, enquanto continuamos a lançar centenas de milhares de empregos e subir os preços dos alimentos. Há 33,2 milhões de americanos, ou um em cada nove, que dependem de vale-refeição. E em 20 estados até um em cada oito estão no programa do vale-refeição, de acordo com o Centro de Pesquisas de Alimentos. O benefício médio mensal foi de $ 113,87 por pessoa, deixando muitos, mesmo com ajuda do governo, sem alimentação adequada. O USDA diz que 36,2 milhões de americanos, ou 11 por cento dos agregados familiares, a luta para obter comida suficiente, e um terço deles têm, por vezes, ignorar ou cortar as refeições. Congresso atribuiu cerca de 54.000 milhões dólares para os selos de alimentos neste ano fiscal, contra US $ 39.000 milhões ano passado. No novo ano fiscal com início 01 de outubro, os custos será de US $ 60 bilhões, segundo estimativas.

Escassez de alimentos foram tinder para convulsão social ao longo da história. Mas desta vez, porque perdemos a habilidade de nos alimentar e vestir, será muito mais difícil para a maioria de nós para se tornar auto-sustentável. Os grandes agro-negócios em grande parte eliminados os pequenos agricultores. Eles têm envenenado o nosso solo com agrotóxicos e animais contaminados em pátios sujos e superlotados com altas doses de antibióticos e esteróides. Eles têm bombeado nutrientes e fósforo em sistemas de água, causando proliferação de algas e peixes morrem-off em nossos rios e córregos. Rendimento das culturas, sob o ataque de mudar os padrões climáticos e poluição química, estão em declínio no Nordeste, onde uma praga quase dizimou a cultura do tomate. O draconiano Food Safety Act Modernização, outro presente de nossa elite que regem a corporações, significa pequenas fazendas só vai continuar a diminuir em número. Sites como o La Via Campesina fazem um bom trabalho de rastrear essas tendências perturbadoras global.

"A economia inteira construída em torno de comida é inseguro e antiético", ativista Henry Harris da Mesa Redonda Segurança Alimentar me disse. O grupo constrói sistemas de distribuição entre os agricultores independentes e moradores da cidade.

"A comida é o melhor lugar para as comunidades para começar a tomar de volta o poder", disse ele. "O sistema alimentar nacional está em colapso por graus. Mais de 50 por cento do que comemos vem do Vale Central da Califórnia. O que acontece quando a gasolina torna-se US $ 5 por galão ou estiagem em todo o varre terras cultiváveis? O sistema monolítico da produção de alimentos é altamente instável. Tem que ser substituído muito em breve com pequenas, de diversas fontes que fornecem maior segurança alimentar. "

Cornell University, recentemente fez um estudo para determinar se o estado de Nova York poderia alimentar-se. A pesquisa é descrita em dois artigos publicados em 2006 e 2008 pela revista Agricultura Renováveis ​​e Sistemas de Alimentação. Se todas as terras agrícolas estavam em uso, e distribuição de alimentos foram otimizados para minimizar a distância total que viaja de alimentos, estado de Nova York poderia, segundo os pesquisadores, têm 34 por cento dos seus alimentos necessidades atendidas a partir de dentro de seus limites. Isto não é notícia encorajadora para aqueles que vivem em New York City. New York, uma vez contou com New Jersey, ainda conhecido como o Garden State, em vez de alimentos enviados de todo o país. Mas fazendas de New Jersey, em larga medida deu lugar a urbanizações sem alma. Comunidades agrícolas do interior, os seus centros urbanos tapadas e desolado, têm sido eviscerado pela agricultura industrial.

A maioria dos americanos tinha laços com as comunidades rurais durante a Grande Depressão manteve muitos vivos. A economia de escambo substituiu a economia formal. Famílias poderiam cultivar alimentos ou tinham parentes para alimentá-los. Mas em um mundo onde não sabemos onde nosso alimento vem, ou a forma de produzi-lo, nós nos tornamos vulneráveis. E muitos serão obrigados, como os preços dos alimentos continuarem a subir, a mudança para uma dieta de baratas, gordurosos, alimentos produzidos em massa, já um grampo de pobres do país. Junk food, um fator importante na obesidade, diabetes e doenças cardíacas, é muitas vezes o único alimento desses no interior da cidade podem comprar porque os supermercados e alimentos nutritivos são geográfica e financeiramente fora de alcance. Enquanto a economia continua a deteriorar-se, a classe média, em breve se juntar a eles.

"Está claro para qualquer um que olha atentamente para qualquer multidão que estamos perdendo nossos corpos exatamente como estamos perdendo nossa terra", Wendell Berry observou em "A inquietante da América." "Nossos corpos são gordos, fraco, triste, doente, feio, a presa virtuais dos fabricantes de medicamentos e cosméticos. Nossos corpos tornaram-se marginais, pois eles estão crescendo inútil como a nossa "terra marginal" porque temos use cada vez menos para eles. Após os jogos e floresce ocioso da juventude moderna, nós usá-los apenas como caixas de transporte para o transporte de nossos cérebros e nossos poucos músculos empregáveis ​​e volta ao trabalho. "

Berry, que vive em uma fazenda no Kentucky, onde sua família tem cultivado por gerações, argumenta que a agricultura local é fundamental para as comunidades sustentáveis. Agricultura industrial, diz ele, tem-nos afastado da terra. Ele tornou-nos incapazes de fornecer para nós mesmos. Ele deixou-nos cúmplices na destruição do ecossistema corporativo. Seu custo moral, argumenta Berry, foi tão devastador quanto o seu custo físico.

"As pessoas vão comer o que as corporações decidir para eles comerem", escreve Berry. "Eles vão ser destacados e remotos das fontes de sua vida, juntou-se a eles apenas por tolerância corporativa. Eles tornaram-se consumidores puramente consumista-máquinas, que é dizer, os escravos dos produtores. O que ... fazendas-modelo muito poderosa sugerem, então, é que o conceito de controle total pode ser impossível confinar dentro dos limites do especialista da empresa, que é impossível mecanizar a produção, sem mecanização consumo, impossível de fazer máquinas de solo, plantas, e animais, sem fazer máquinas também de pessoas. "

O esforço de nascentes pelas comunidades para recuperar a produção local de alimentos é o primeiro passo para recuperar vidas decepadas e fragmentada pela cultura corporativa. É mais do que um retorno à produção local de alimentos. É um retorno à comunidade. Ela nos traz de volta os valores que sustentam a comunidade. É um retorno ao reconhecimento da fragilidade interconexão, e santidade de todos os sistemas vivos e nossa dependência uns dos outros. Ela se volta para uma ética que pode nos salvar.

"Revolução [O comercial] ...", escreve Berry, "não parou com a subjugação dos índios, mas passou a impor substancialmente a mesma catástrofe sobre os pequenos agricultores e as comunidades agrícolas, sobre as lojas de pequenos comerciantes locais de todos os tipo, sobre as oficinas de artesãos independentes, e sobre os domicílios dos cidadãos. É uma revolução que ainda está acontecendo. A economia é ainda substancialmente a do comércio de peles, ainda com base no mesmo tipo geral de itens comerciais: tecnologia, armas, ornamentos, novidades e drogas. A grande diferença é que agora a revolução privou a massa de consumidores de qualquer acesso independente para os grampos da vida: roupas, abrigo, alimento, mesmo água. Air continua a ser a única necessidade que o usuário médio ainda pode obter para si mesmo, ea revolução impôs um pesado imposto sobre essa maneira de poluição. Conquista comercial é muito mais completa e final do que a derrota militar.

"O resultado inevitável de tal economia", acrescenta Berry, "é que nenhuma fazenda ou quaisquer outros bens utilizáveis ​​pode seguramente ser considerado por ninguém como uma casa, não casa, em última análise é digno de nossa lealdade, nada é em última análise, vale a pena fazer, e não lugar ou tarefa ou pessoa vale a pena uma vida de devoção. 'Resíduos', em tal economia, deve finalmente incluir várias categorias de seres humanos-os nascituros, o velho ", desinvestiu 'agricultores, os desempregados, os" empregáveis ​​". De fato, uma vez que a nossa pátria, a nossa fonte, é considerado como um recurso, todos nós estamos deslizando para baixo em direção ao monte de cinzas ou o despejo. "

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Iniciando a conversa sobre a nossa sobrevivência

A mudança social se resume à comunicação. Grandes esforços têm resultado em livros finos, histórias de filmes e livros, e tem havido alguns discursos maravilhosos. Mas deve realmente começar e terminar com a conversa onde o principal tópico é a questões do dia se aproximava com honestidade e sem medo.

Quando as pessoas falam abertamente sobre um problema, então há uma chance de resolvê-lo. Pode não haver solução, mas a tentativa de conversar sobre isso pode ter outros efeitos benéficos e levar a avanços inesperados.

por Jan Lundberg em mudança de cultura

Com a extinção das espécies agora no maior taxa desde o desaparecimento dos dinossauros, pode-se assumir essa crise está na mente de todos e discutido amplamente. Uma delas seria errado. Ninguém sabe se é de 100 espécies por dia, muitos dos quais não foram nomeados. Perda em massa de espécies tem sido conhecida por muitos anos, mas é "notícia velha" ou "chato".

Nem são outros temas discutidos crítica suficiente para corresponder a sua importação: derretimento das calotas polares e geleiras, as armas nucleares e dos resíduos nucleares, fora de vendas controle de armas, de fome ou desnutrição em curso de centenas de milhões de pessoas, a superpopulação, a cobiça dos financistas abertamente nações stripping de riqueza, etc

Na realidade, eles estão todos relacionados. Tudo se resume a compaixão e agir com sabedoria. Quando as pessoas conseguem discutir as questões mais urgentes, eles podem ver além da crise imediata possuindo o poder de distrair. Em seguida, uma abordagem de sistema integral pode servir para unir as pessoas em um movimento.

Na década de 1960 houve "O Movimento". As pessoas tinham muitas definições para ele, e alguns membros estavam mais interessados ​​em parar o bombardeio sobre Indochina do que garantir todos os direitos para a população afro-americana, por exemplo. Mas o movimento incluia os concentrando-se em consciência expandida, back-to-the land-agrarismo, comunalismo, revolução armada, a libertação das mulheres, a proteção ambiental. Tudo poderia ser visto como um todo: "sociedade de plástico" desafiador e os falsos valores materialistas da bandeira acenando geração pró-guerra mais velhos.

Podemos culpar o fim do movimento em sua fragmentação em movimentos em separado, ou sobre o fim da Guerra do Vietnã projecto, ou a comercialização e mercantilização da música popular, ou assassinatos de líderes nos anos 1960 - ou todas elas juntas. O maior erro foi deixar de ter a conversa sobre a sociedade em geral. Em vez disso as pessoas começaram a tomar o caminho mais fácil e ganhar mais dinheiro e ficar fora de problemas, aqueles que não deixam a conversa tornou-se conhecido como ativistas, e não era mais "jovem" ou "os alunos" ou "O Movimento. "Em vez ativistas foram marginalizados e ridicularizados por" estar preso na década de 1960. "As operações contra as organizações federais COINTELPRO e líderes tomaram um pedágio, e havia distrações agradáveis ​​como a música de discoteca ou faça a sua escolha.

A mudança social se resume à comunicação. Grandes esforços têm resultado em livros finos, histórias de filmes e livros, e tem havido alguns discursos maravilhosos. Mas deve realmente começar e terminar com a conversa onde o principal tópico é a questões do dia se aproximava de forma honesta e sem medo.

Quando as pessoas falam abertamente sobre um problema, então há uma chance de resolvê-lo. Pode não haver solução, mas a tentativa de conversar sobre isso pode ter outros efeitos benéficos e levar a avanços inesperados.

Quando as pessoas evitam falar sobre assuntos sérios, muito dano pode ser feito por outros que têm a intenção de oportunismo ou pior. Distrair as pessoas com outras questões, portanto, é a principal ferramenta para aqueles que tentam manter uma vantagem no status quo. Também pode se dizer que a principal ferramenta é a escravidão por meio de domínio econômico - uma distracção gigante de realizar um estilo de vida liberado. Muitas pessoas robótico ou ovelhas como o de hoje não têm noção de libertação, exceto o enriquecimento pessoal.

Falando sobre segurança alimentar

Nós não conhecemos a partir da mídia corporativa ou os nossos políticos, mas devemos ser preocupante o tempo grande que a oferta de alimentos irá falhar incontáveis ​​milhões de pessoas. Tudo o que tem que fazer é olhar para a energia, solo, as pressões do mercado (como a crescente demanda por alimentos), e misture em alguns clima catastrófico que está garantido, e temos um grande desastre à frente. É apenas uma questão de tempo.

Há um movimento para apreciar comida local, slow food, alimentos orgânicos. Mas não reduziu o número médio de quilômetros de um pedaço de comida viaja através de petróleo em os EUA: 1.500. Para produzir alimentos industrial - provavelmente 95% do que é comido em os EUA - dez unidades calórico de fósseis combustíveis produzir uma unidade de calorias dos alimentos. Trabalhadores agrícolas estão entre os mais baixos pagos no país, o que é estranho quando todo mundo quer comer. Tempo no sol quente, sujeito a pesticidas e invasões de imigração possível, tornar a profissão menos atraente. Já não há uma designação para os agricultores no censo dos EUA quando tão poucas pessoas vivem em suas próprias fazendas mais. Não era de admirar que quando Max Yasgur, que sediou o Festival de Woodstock em 1969, iniciou sua bem-vindos com "Agora eu sou um agricultor ..." em que ele foi abafado por gritos e aplausos. Que era o movimento que se expressa pela natureza. Obter o álbum gravado e ouvi-lo.

Hoje eu peguei três pint-sized cestas de três tipos de bagas. Levei cerca de uma hora, mesmo quando a estação é apenas direito. Eu ainda tinha que pagar oito dólares para a fruta. Não é designado como orgânico, o que permitiria um preço mais elevado, mas foi não pulverizados. Se o valor do meu tempo é de US $ 20 por hora, o meu custo total foi de US $ 28. Eu passei sem dinheiro em transporte porque eu bicicleta. Há um problema não temos um nome para: um problema de trabalho? Nós não estamos produzindo nossa própria comida localmente, porque "não podemos dar ao luxo de". Em vez disso, subsidiar os alimentos de forma insustentável, enquanto as classes superiores dos consumidores pode ter recursos para pagar os outros a crescer, coletar, processar, caminhão e preparar a comida. Este sistema só funciona para algumas pessoas em uma sociedade de divisão do trabalho, voltado para os excedentes para a elite: Civilização, isto é, ocidental.

No patch berry um pai disse amargamente a sua filha, "Vocês me arrastou aqui e eu não tenho tempo para todo este trabalho." Ela respondeu: "É divertido!" Estou feliz em informar que ele não teve resposta ainda . Talvez ele deveria ter uma conversa com sua família e amigos sobre o que ele acha que pode fazer com seu tempo, o que é permitido fazer, e como ele pode oferecer para sua família, bem como criar uma criança diretamente.

Conversa fútil ou prattling

Mais alarmante do que discursos vazios e evitar questões críticas é não falar em tudo, quando alguns seres humanos modernos vivemos em um mundo de jogos de computador, ou eles se comunicam em sua maioria em isolamento usando um telefone celular ou e-mail. Destes, muitos não tem muito no caminho da amizade e da família é algo que ocasionalmente visita. Enquanto isso, a conversa ainda é fundamental, especialmente se ela pode ser elevada além da necessidade pessoal de se conectar a outro ser humano (até mesmo para discutir apenas roupas ou cerveja). A arte da conversa está ficando mais difícil de encontrar. As pessoas não parecem ter tempo.

Antes de podermos trabalhar para iniciar a conversa sobre a nossa sobrevivência, o que está acontecendo à nossa volta que passa para a discussão? Minha observação é que a qualidade da conversa é quase sempre e em todo lugar inane. Guerras travadas em nome dos Estados Unidos da América, no Iraque e no Afeganistão, não são temas principais de discussão ou debate, em determinado momento por "a pessoa média." Afinal, não há notícias sobre celebridades sem fim, as estatísticas mais recentes do desemprego, a tecnologia mais recente iPhone, um incêndio no sul da Califórnia, o mais recente pronunciamento do presidente Obama em cuidados médicos, e um cachorrinho perdido encontrado em outra cidade, depois de uma odisséia de cortar o coração.

Evidentemente, há também notícias de fundo sobre a mudança climática, os assassinatos, as falências de empresas icônico, e outras histórias sérias. Mas nunca há uma linha comum na mídia corporativa ou na fala de um político. Na rua você está mais propenso a ouvir algo real: "o sistema é uma merda." Se isso acontecer, o que vamos fazer sobre isso?

Não deve ser nenhuma maravilha que a qualidade da conversa - seja na sala de estar de "pessoa média", na sala de refeições para funcionários, ou em um bar ou festa - normalmente é inane. Esportes, notícias ou uma revisão de um programa de televisão são os favoritos, junto com fofocas ou contos de uma aventura de fim de semana. Quando os assuntos de política ou ecologia surgem, estas são tratadas com o argumento, piadas e escárnio como muitas vezes são declarações de preocupação. Rara é um voto de "Vou de bicicleta para o trabalho e se livrar de minha televisão." Quanto a brincadeiras todos os dias com significado, não pode haver comparações de técnicas de jardinagem em casa.

Reviver a economia de volta para o crescimento é o tema mais quente no reino sério, com um ranking da mudança climática na parte inferior. O último é negada por alguns, ou é muito assustador para atacar. A tendência é deixar que "os especialistas", ou funcionários públicos lidar com isso - como eles estão lidando com a economia e tudo mais.

Eles não estão nos trazendo paz. Eles não estão parando a extinção de espécies. Eles não estão redistribuindo a riqueza ou a prisão os criminosos de colarinho branco (Madoff é uma exceção, um sop). Se os governantes não devem regra, não deve este ser um importante tópico de conversa?

O que precisamos é a conversa que não está acontecendo. Na década de 1960 e na década de 1970 o grupo mais politizados threater rua A Yippies (Partido Internacional da Juventude) assumiu a responsabilidade em suas próprias mãos para chamar a atenção para as questões. Um método foi a interrupção dos negócios como de costume. Stunts inclui queima de notas de dólar, costurar a bandeira americana para uma de calças, ou beijar durante as aulas da faculdade. Um livro por um dos principais instigadores, Jerry Rubin, foi intitulado o fazer. (O autor tornou-se um corretor, um destino, provavelmente, de perder o seu sistema de apoio hippie.)

Que é "fazê-lo" hoje? Bloggers? Ativistas Internet? Artistas? Obama? Há algum bom jornalismo e ativismo, mas as massas de pessoas estão de alguma forma deixado de fora da conversa. Eles querem ficar de fora, quando eles evitam discutir questões sérias relativas à sua sobrevivência em um planeta em perigo. A questão é, eles podem ser feitos para discuti-lo antes que as coisas estão totalmente fora de controle, quando a discussão racional pode ser impossível? Sem fim de subversão secreta do governo pode superar uma conversa grande o suficiente.

Somos muitos, eles são poucos - Sério?

Se todas as pessoas aptas fisicamente sem-teto em Nova York uma maior área da cidade decidiu convergir em Wall Street e apreender alguns habitação riqueza ou da demanda, que poderia fazê-lo. Se os milhões das minorias discriminadas pelo cruel empregadores corporativos encenado sit-ins e usado boicotes econômicos, tal ação poderia ganhar grandes concessões. Mas em vez disso, massas são arrebanhados como ovelhas por um pequeno número de agentes da elite. O estado corporativo tem ferramentas eficazes, tais como os militares, as prisões, a polícia - o "stick" - para ir com subornos e regalias e promessas de reforma leve - o ". Cenoura" No entanto, numericamente, se as pessoas o suficiente queria trazer uma sociedade verdadeiramente justa, ou em fim em particular as guerras impopulares, isso poderia ser feito com pouca ou nenhuma violência em um curto espaço de tempo.

A razão pela qual isso não acontece é que as conversas direito não estão acontecendo, exceto pelos poucos. Mesmo com o número enorme e crescente de pessoas sobre o humor controle e drogas psiquiátricas, que a população triste sem querer enriquecer as empresas farmacêuticas, em vez de realmente cura está em condição boa o suficiente para falar de forma sensata e estimular uma ação da comunidade.

O controle maior multidão de todos os tempos pode estar acontecendo agora, quando um presidente dos EUA populares pode dar a idéia de que ele está buscando uma mudança significativa. O golpe de mão inclui a idéia de que ele pode fazer alterações substanciais. Obama conhece suas limitações, como todos os políticos de topo chega a conhecer. Além de melhorias promissor eo retorno impossível para uma economia de crescimento - ea prosperidade trickle-down que nunca realmente funcionou - Obama e seus aliados têm algumas questões-chave caro a muitos corações. Infelizmente, eles são falsos: as soluções tecnológicas para mitigação das alterações climáticas, energia mais limpa sobre o pico do petróleo, e os carros melhores. Obama é um sujeito tão simpático e eloquente de que a maioria das pessoas quer acreditar que ele vai trazer mais empregos, salários mais altos, paz e um fim ao terrorismo, a ameaça aos ursos polares, etc

Propaganda Smooth - difícil para a maioria das pessoas a escolher distante:
Presidente Barack Obama: "Estes são alguns dos desafios que a nossa geração tem sido chamada a cumprir. E ainda, há aqueles que gostariam de nos fazer experimentar o que já fracassou, quem iria defender o status quo. Eles argumentam que o nosso sistema de saúde é bom do jeito que está e que uma economia de energia limpa pode esperar. Eles dizem que nós estamos tentando fazer demais, que estamos nos movendo muito rapidamente, e que todos nós devemos apenas tomar uma respiração profunda e escalar para trás os nossos objectivos. Estes opositores têm memória curta. Eles esquecem que nós, como povo, não cheguei aqui por estar pat em um momento de mudança. Nós não chegar aqui fazendo o que era fácil. Não é assim que um grupo de 13 colônias se tornaram os Estados Unidos da América "-. Quatro de Julho Declaração de 2009
Obama é um maestro perfeito para manter as pessoas de lidar diretamente com o mix global de crises. Acima de tudo, devemos considerar Obama como personificação da hierarquia que raramente é questionada. A hierarquia certamente dá o tom em todos os momentos possíveis. Obama é o "único", atuais e todos os outros são muitos, mas por causa das leis e convenções que ele é dado o direito de ser mestre e Pied Piper por um tempo. Então, em 2012, e só então, ele pode ser reeleito ou substituído por um ou Republicrat Demopublican. Que o próximo presidente pode ser não é a conversa que precisa acontecer.

The fact that the US can feel it has cleansed itself of racism by electing Obama is a perfect distraction from more serious issues of extinction. For if we consume enough plastic, are exposed to enough radiation, and cling to a lifestyle divorced from nature and health, our species can indeed go extinct — even without the extinction of the Earth's climate as we know it. Our best hope to avoid waiting for the worst may well be collapse of the economic system. This may usher in a sustainable culture. Maybe people will talk about it and take action in anticipation.

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Corporate Agriculture Is to Blame for the Hundreds of Thousands of Farmer Suicides in India

By Tara Lohan, AlterNet

Vandana Shiva says industrial agriculture has left Indian farmers indebted and destitute, and explains how to stem the tide of suicides.

Last month, the world got a glimpse of an epidemic that has hit India in the last decade when news reports alerted readers to the suicides of 1,500 farmers in the Indian state of Chattisgarh.

But this has been only a fraction of the suicides committed by farmers since 1997, says Vandana Shiva, Ph.D., a physicist, environmentalist, feminist, science policy advocate and director of Navdanya and the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology.

While initial news reports blamed the recent suicides on falling water levels, Shiva explains that the suicide epidemic in India is a lot more complicated and far-reaching.

“Rapid increase in indebtedness is at the root of farmers' taking their lives,” she wrote recently. “Debt is a reflection of a negative economy. Two factors have transformed agriculture from a positive economy into a negative economy for peasants: the rising of costs of production and the falling prices of farm commodities. Both these factors are rooted in the policies of trade liberalization and corporate globalization.”

At the heart of this is a circle of indebtedness that has resulted from the so-called Green Revolution, which exported industrial agricultural practices to places like India and in doing so, made seeds, a once-renewable resource for farmers, into something that had be bought from corporations.

“In 1998, the World Bank's structural-adjustment policies forced India to open up its seed sector to global corporations like Cargill, Monsanto and Syngenta,” Shiva wrote. “The global corporations changed the input economy overnight. Farm-saved seeds were replaced by corporate seeds, which need fertilizers and pesticides and cannot be saved. … The shift from saved seed to corporate monopoly of the seed supply also represents a shift from biodiversity to monoculture in agriculture.”

In an interview with AlterNet, Shiva explained how Monsanto's Bt cotton has exemplified what can go wrong with industrial agriculture; what happens to farming communities when traditional farming methods are replaced by corporate sponsored mono-cropping; and how to stem the tide of farmer suicides.

Tara Lohan: Farmer suicides in India recently made the news when stories broke last month about 1,500 farmers taking their own lives, what do you attribute these deaths to?

Vandana Shiva: Over the last decade, 200,000 farmers have committed suicide. The 1,500 figure is for the state of Chattisgarh. In Vidharbha, 4,000 are committing suicide annually. This is the region where 4 million acres of cotton have been grown with Monsanto's Bt cotton. The suicides are a direct result of a debt trap created by ever-increasing costs of seeds and chemicals and constantly falling prices of agricultural produce.

When Monsanto's Bt cotton was introduced, the seed costs jumped from 7 rupees per kilo to 17,000 rupees per kilo. Our survey shows a thirteenfold increase in pesticide use in cotton in Vidharbha. Meantime, the $4 billion subsidy given to US agribusiness for cotton has led to dumping and depression of international prices.

Squeezed between high costs and negative incomes, farmers commit suicide when their land is being appropriated by the money lenders who are the agents of the agrichemical and seed corporations. The suicides are thus a direct result of industrial globalized agriculture and corporate monopoly on seeds.

TL: Suicides of Indian farmers unfortunately is not news — how long has this been a problem, how serious is the problem, what are the underlying causes?

VS: The first suicide that we studied took place in Warrangal in Andhra Pradesh in 1997. This region is a rain-fed dry region and used to grow dry land crops such as millets, pigeon pea etc. In 1997, the seed corporations converted the region from biodiverse agriculture to monocultures of cotton hybrid. The farmers were not told they would need irrigation. They were not told that they would need fertilizers and pesticides. They were not told they could not save the seeds. The cotton seeds were sold as “White Gold,” with a false promise that farmers would become millionaires. Instead, the farmers landed in severe unpayable debt. This is how the suicides began.

TL: You said that 200,000 farmers have ended their lives since 1997 — where does that statistic come from? Are there numbers to compare suicide rates for farmers pre-Green Revolution with the numbers we are seeing today?

VS: The statistics on farmers suicides are kept by the National Crime Bureau. Since there were no large-scale suicides prior to 1997, the statistics was not maintained before that. The combination of the spread of nonrenewable seeds and globalized trade has triggered the epidemic of suicides.

TL: What role does water and water management play in the problems Indian farmers are facing?

VS: India is a land of varied climates, from rainforests to deserts. Seventy percent of Indian farming is rain-fed (dependent on rain not irrigation). Introducing inappropriate crops and cropping patterns has aggravated the water crisis and precipitated more frequent crop failure. Ecological agriculture needs 10 times less water than chemical farming. Green Revolution varieties, hybrids and GM crops are all bred for irrigation. On the one hand, this puts pressure on farmers in low-rainfall zones to drill tube wells, which fail — on the other hand, it leads to more frequent crop failure.

TL: How has the Green Revolution changed things for farmers? Is the most significant change in the ownership of seeds by corporations?

VS: The Green Revolution was the name given to the introduction of chemical/industrial farming in India in 1965-66 under the pressure of the US government and World Bank. The Green Revolution was based on seeds bred for responding to chemical inputs. Companies made money from sale of agrichemicals, the seeds were in the public domain.

Genetic engineering is often called the second Green Revolution. Now, the seeds are owned by corporations through intellectual property rights. This leads to a very drastic change in how farming is done and who controls decisions in agriculture.

TL: How have companies like Monsanto, Cargill and others created what you call a “suicide economy” for farmers?

VS: Monsanto's contribution to the suicide economy is by extracting super profits from farmers in the form of royalties and by intentionally transforming seeds from a renewable resource that farmers can save to a nonrenewable resource that they must buy in the market every year. Monsanto had a big role in shaping the TRIPs agreement [on intellectual property] of WTO.

Cargill's contribution to the suicide economy is as the biggest controller of agricultural trade. Cargill was responsible for the Agreement on Agriculture, which has promoted dumping and denying farmers of the Third World their right to fair prices.

TL: Is there a particular area of the country that has been hardest hit? Which are the worst off and what are they growing? Are other areas more successful and if so, why?

VS: The worst-hit suicide areas of the country are Vidharbha, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Karnataka. These are also the cotton-growing areas, and these are the areas where Monsanto has established a monopoly on seed supply through Bt cotton. Areas where farmers have their own seed, where they are growing diversity of food crops and are practicing organic farming are areas free of debt and farmers suicides.

Navdanya has started a seeds-of-hope program in the suicide belt of Vidharbha. Creating seed banks, training farmers in organic agriculture and helping farmers with fair trade has helped farmers increase their incomes tenfold compared to farmers growing Bt cotton.

TL: What should the government of India be doing, and what can the world community do?

VS: The government of India should be playing a major role in public seed supply. Before Monsanto's entry, 80 percent of the seed used to come from farmers' own fields, and 20 percent came from government seed farms. Under privatization, government seed breeding has been wiped out. Seed is a public and common good, and hence seeds should stay in the hands of farming communities and public-sector institutions.

O governo também deve impor uma moratória sobre as sementes transgênicas, tais como o algodão Bt, até avaliação independente completa do seu desempenho nos campos dos pequenos agricultores foi concluída. O governo também deve promover a agricultura biológica, uma vez que a partir da perspectiva dos agricultores esta é a única maneira de sair da armadilha da dívida e suicídio.

A nível internacional, a comunidade mundial precisa defender semente como bem comum e construir um forte movimento contra as patentes de sementes e os monopólios de sementes. As pessoas também podem contribuir para Sementes Navdanya da Campanha Esperança.

Para saber mais, você também pode ler mais recente artigo de Shiva sobre o assunto.

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29 pessoas razões necessidade de puxar a cabeça para fora da areia

29 coisas realmente assustador, que nós, como uma espécie precisa agir, agora - artigo de IntelDaily.

Tempo está se esgotando e usando a negação de escapar dessas duras realidades não é mais uma opção.

  1. De acordo com um artigo do Washington Post em 1998, uma pesquisa foi realizada pelo New York Museu de História Natural, que concluiu que sete em cada dez cientistas do Instituto Americano de Ciências Biológicas estão convencidos de que uma extinção em massa está em curso e que dentro de 30 anos, 1 / 5 de todas as espécies viventes poderiam extinguir-se (Warrick, 1998). Em 2005, respeitado cientista Professor Peter Raven, diretor do Missouri Botanical Garden, afirmou que, a menos que a humanidade mudanças de comportamentos, como muitos como dois terços das espécies do mundo pode estar extinta até 2100 (Collins, 2005).
  2. According to World Wildlife Fund Director-General, James Leape, we would need a total of five planets to sustain the world's population if everyone on the planet had the same consumption rate as America. This finding was reported in the 2006 Living Planet Report which is the outcome of an annual study that has been conducted since 1998 to determine the rate of change in global biodiversity and the pressure on the biosphere which manifests from the human consumption of natural resources (World Wildlife Federation, 2006a). The 2006 Report also noted that in 2003, the world exceeded biocapacity by 25%. This means that with a global population of 6.6 billion people, the world is currently consuming at a rate of 25% more than what the earth is capable of regenerating. What will that rate be when the world has 10 billion people?
  3. A população mundial em 1600 foi de 500 milhões (Leakey & Lewin, 1995). Duzentos anos mais tarde no ano de 1800, dobrou para um bilião. Em 1940, mais 140 anos, a população mundial triplicou, chegando a 3 bilhões. De 1940 aos dias de hoje, 66 anos depois, a população mundial mais que dobrou para 6,6 bilhões. É projetada para ser em torno de dez bilhões até 2050.
  4. Gases de efeito estufa global, devido a causas antropogênicas aumentaram 70% entre 1970 e 2004 com o dióxido de carbono, o gás de efeito estufa mais significativo, tendo aumentado 80% entre o mesmo período do ano 34. Dois outros gases de efeito estufa, o metano eo óxido nitroso, também aumentaram substancialmente e alta classificação em termos de um efeito negativo sobre o meio ambiente. Se a temperatura média global superior a 3,5 graus Celsius, prevê-se que entre 40-70% das espécies estarão em risco de extinção. Onze dos últimos doze anos (1995-2006) têm sido os anos mais quentes de registro de temperatura da superfície global desde 1850 (IPCC, 2007, p. 1). O aquecimento global está criando mudanças nos padrões migratórios dos animais, alterando o tempo de floradas de plantas, causando alterações no fluxo da Gulfstream, e criar alterações no oceano e na atmosfera que aumentam a ocorrência de desastres naturais, como furacões e tornados. As principais causas são o uso de combustíveis fósseis (gasolina nos carros, barcos, etc) e agrícola e das mudanças de uso da terra (desmatamento, práticas agrícolas multinacionais, a erosão do solo, etc.)
  5. O relatório do IPCC diz que, em 2080, 1,1 a 3,2 bilhões de pessoas vão experimentar a escassez de água, 2-600 será morrendo de fome, e de 2 a 7 milhões de pessoas a cada ano vai experimentar inundações costeiras (citado em Vidal, 2007). Tal como muitos como um bilhão de pessoas, ou 17% da população do mundo, pode ser forçado a abandonar as suas casas ao longo dos próximos 50 anos e migrar para outra área geográfica mais habitável. A maioria dessas pessoas serão de países pobres e subdesenvolvidos. Uma combinação de conflitos sociais, civis e militares, os projetos de grande escala, desenvolvimento e declínio ambiental global vai tornar a vida habitável para centenas de milhões de pessoas, a maioria da África, sul da Ásia e do Oriente Médio, onde, ironicamente, a menor quantidade de consumo ocorre.
  6. A Union of Concerned Scientists, uma empresa líder baseada na ciência organização sem fins lucrativos que trabalha para um ambiente mais saudável, relata que a América tem 5% da população mundial, mas emite 25% de dióxido de carbono do mundo (UCS, 2006). A União de Cientistas Preocupados site da 'web também expõe os esforços da ExxonMobil, que gastou US $ 16 milhões entre 1998 e 2005, organizações de defesa que a contratação intencionalmente desacreditar a esmagadora evidência apontando para o aquecimento global (UCS, 2006).
  7. Quando o petróleo eo gás executivos sênior falar aos legisladores e ao público, eles relatam menores margens de lucro (cerca de 8 a 10 por cento) do que quando falam com analistas de Wall Street e dos acionistas (Slocum, 2006).
  8. On a global scale, there was an average species decline between 1970 and 2000 of 40% with species in rivers, lakes and marshlands having declined by 50% during the same period (Global Biodiversity Outlook 2, 2006). Research points to declines in amphibians, African mammals, birds in agricultural lands, corals, and common fish species. The World Conservation Union, or IUCN, Red List of Threatened Species is recognized as the most reliable evaluation of the world's species. According to the 2007 Red List, life on earth is disappearing fast and the extinction process will continue unless urgent action is taken. There is a total of 41,415 species on the Red list (IUCN, 2007). Last year, 16,118 were facing extinction and now 16,306 are threatened. The aggregate number of extinct species is 785. The Red List reports that 25% of mammals, 13% of all birds, 33% of all amphibians, and 70% of the world's assessed plants are now threatened with extinction. One of the most disturbing statistics is that of the vertebrate family which includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. The entire vertebrate family saw an increase in threatened species jump from 3,314 in 1996 to 5,742 in 2007. Life in the ocean is in peril. According to the 2007 IUCN Red List, there are some 41, 415 species of marine life listed and, out of that, 30% are at risk for extinction. Some other vertebrates facing extinction are the tigers in India which are now thought to total no more than 1,500. In 2002, there were 3,642. Of particular concern is the rapid loss of plant species. From 1996 to 2007, the number of critically endangered plant species jumped from 909 to 1,569 and the number of endangered during the same period rose from 1,197 to 2, 278. The number of vulnerable plants during that period rose from 3,222 to 4,600. Altogether, the number of plant species that are threatened jumped from 5,328 in 1996 to 8,447 in 2007. Twenty percent (20%) of the earth's reefs have been destroyed over the past thirty years and another 50% are endangered by human activity.
  9. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, electric power plants caused 67% of the total sulfur dioxide, more than 25% of the nitrogen oxides, 33% of the mercury, and 40% of the carbon dioxide emissions in the United States in 1998 (Natural Defense Resources Council, 2003). Approximately 120 million Americans live in areas with unhealthy air.
  10. The use of toxins, pesticides, and chemicals over the past sixty years has posed a substantial problem for wildlife and humans. Between 1930 and 2000, the global production of man-made chemicals skyrocketed from 1 million to 400 million tons per year (World Wildlife Federation, 2006b). Since the middle of the 20th century, the amount of pesticides sprayed on crops has increased by 26%. Because these pesticides seep into the soil, the crops that are grown absorb it. Humans eat the crops which are absorbed in the body.
  11. Factory farms in the United States produce 500 million tons of manure each year which is three times the amount of human sanitary waste (Pew Oceans Commission, 2003). This poses serious threats to the water we drink and the oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams. Large multimillion dollar corporations own many of the farms that generate pollution in the large lagoons that collect the urine and manure from the animals. Because lagoons have broken, failed, or overflowed, these leakages cause fish to be killed and the people living near the lagoons to report higher incidences of illnesses (Marks, 2001). Gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane are emitted from the lagoons and the irrigation pivots. These gases are toxic, consume oxygen, and are even potentially explosive. People residing near the lagoons have reported a host of physical ailments including headaches, excessive coughing, respiration problems, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, depression, and fatigue. Also hazardous are the pathogenic microbes in the animal waste that can infect humans. The amount of meat production in 2006 hit a record 276 million tons which results in greater amounts of sludge from these farms. According to the Center for Food Safety, a non-profit public interest and environmental advocacy organization, millions of tons of potentially toxic sewage sludge has been used as crop fertilizer to millions of acres of farmland in America (Center for Food Safety, nd). Municipal governments sell sewage sludge to farmers as a way to dispose of unwanted byproducts from the municipal wastewater treatment plants. Sewage sludge contains anything that is flushed in a toilet or put down a kitchen sink. Many people have become ill from the heavy metals, industrial compounds, viruses, bacteria, drug residues, and radioactive materials which are found within the sewage sludge which is, as mentioned, put on the crops. Government monitoring of this hazardous waste is lax.
  12. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Americans discarded 246 million tons of municipal solid waste in 2005 and businesses threw away 7.6 billion tons of industrial waste in the same year (EPA, 2007). This is an increase of 60% since 1980. Municipal residential waste includes items such as paper, yard trimmings, food scraps, plastics, metals, rubber, leather, wood, glass, sofas, computers, and refrigerators. It excludes industrial and hazardous waste. About 11% of landfills are made of plastic waste, a total of 26.7 million tons. Thirty five percent (35%) is made of paper, a total of 83 million tons. The amount of plastic thrown away increased from less than 1% in 1960 to 11.3% in 2003. The amount of paper discarded increased three fold between 1960 and 2003. The majority of municipal solid waste is comprised of containers and packaging followed by nondurable goods such as clothing, shoes, and other textiles. Globally, humans use 1.5 million tons of petroleum-based plastic to make bottles on an annual basis. It takes one million years for glass bottles to decompose. For aluminum cans, it takes 80 to 100 years while tin cans take 50 to 100 years. It takes a plastic coated milk carton five years to decompose and cigarette butts take anywhere from one to 12 years to degrade. It is a 25 to 40 year decomposition process for leather shoes and a 30 to 40 year process for nylon fabric. Environmentalists say that it will take 50 years for all the oil from the Exxon Valdez spill to finally degrade.
  13. The World Wildlife Federation (2007) reports that the use of toxic man-made chemicals has increased from 1 million to 400 million tons between 1930 and 2000. They are seeping into the soil and into the food chain of all animals which, ultimately, ends up in the human body.
  14. The tropical rainforest is a rich biosystem and contains the greatest diversity of species of biomes on earth which is why there is so much attention given to its preservation. This system is a home for 50-90% of all living organisms and to 90% of primates. It provides home and sanctuary to 50 million creatures that are unable to survive anywhere other than in the tropical rainforest. Serious threats from deforestation, road construction, clearing the land for agricultural purposes, and climate change are decimating it and its flora of animal wildlife. The logging industry needs the wood from forests to provide products such as paper, wood for home and commercial construction, packaging, and a host of others. McDonald's needs 800 square miles of trees to make the amount of paper that they need solely for their packaging of products. As more and more people eat hamburgers and steaks, factory farms are necessary to grow the livestock. In the South American Amazon region, there are 100,000 beef ranchers. Norman Myers, the Oxford University environmentalist and expert on biodiversity, was the first to bring widespread attention to deforestation when he wrote The Sinking Ark in 1979 in which he estimated that more than 80,000 square miles per year of forests are being felled. This amounts to one acre per second being cut down. In the Amazon, there is an average of 1,500 acres of forest cut down each day.
  15. Hoje, 50% das florestas que originalmente cobria 48% da terra já se foram (NRDC, 2004). Americans use 27% of the worldwide consumption of commercially harvested wood yet only 5% of the world' population is in the United States. The United States is the largest consumer and producer of industrial wood and the world's largest importer of wood (Shugart, Sedjo, & Sohngen, 2003). In the construction industry, approximately 1/6 of the wood that is delivered is never used. It is predicted that, by the year 2050, global wood consumption will increase by 50%. In the US, more than 50% of the coastal temperate rainforests that once covered areas from California to Alaska have been destroyed. Mexico is losing an estimated 600,000 to 2.5 million acres of forests each year. Most of the mahogany exported from Peru is illegally logged by corporations, a major threat to forests all over the world. Canada provides 80% of their forest products to US consumers. Only 8% of Canada's valuable boreal forest is sufficiently protected.
  16. The United States has lost over 50% of the wetlands in the lower 48 states. The rate of loss is predicted at 60,000 acres per year. Louisiana has lost 500,000 acres of wetlands since the 1950s (Pew Oceans Commission, 2003).
  17. Humans have wiped out 90% of the ocean's large fish (World Wildlife Federation, 2006) and exploited 52% of the world's fish populations. Of the remaining fish population, 24% are overexploited, depleted or making a recovery from collapse. The world now has only 17% of the ocean fish that it had 100 years ago. In 2004, 156 million tons of seafood was consumed, three times the average amount of per person seafood eaten in 1950 (Worldwatch Institute, 2007). During the 1980s and early 1990s, scientists estimated that 25% of the fish that were caught (60 billion pounds each year) were discarded (Pew Oceans Commission, 2003). It is clear that the 19th century biologist, Thomas Huxley, was mistaken when he made the statement that all the sea fisheries were inexhaustible. The global industrialized fishing fleet is currently 2.5 times larger than what the ocean can sustain. What that means is that humans are consuming 2.5 times more than what the oceans can regenerate.
  18. Invasive species is largely a man-made act in which one species is purposely moved from its natural environment and transported to another environment resulting in the extinction of species. Few people are aware that invasive species is one of the most serious global environmental challenges that we face today. Hundreds of extinctions have resulted from invasive species. The impact of alien invasive species is immediate and, in most cases, irreversible. Some species relocate unintentionally, but it is still through man-made intervention such as when a species attaches itself to the bottom of ships and is transported to another area. When foreign species are imported into the US, it does generate billions of dollars for the economy, but it also poses threats to agriculture and the environment (Schmitz & Simberloff, 2005). Global trade is a direct contributor to this threat to nature.
  19. CEOs estão agora ganhando $ 10.000 a $ 12.000 por hora, enquanto o aumento de salário médio para o trabalhador americano médio é inferior a dois por cento (Democracy Now, 2007). Se uma breve pausa para comparar as horas de trabalho e os salários entre o CEO e média do trabalhador americano médio, vemos uma disparidade flagrante. Noventa por cento (90%) dos norte-americanos ganham menos de 100.000 dólares por ano, assim, o ano de trabalho que leva 90% dos norte-americanos para ganhar $ 100.000, ele só leva o CEO média um total de 10 horas para ganhar. Sessenta e seis por cento (66%) dos norte-americanos ganham menos de US $ 50.000 por ano, assim, o ano de trabalho que leva 66% dos norte-americanos a ganhar US $ 50.000, leva apenas o CEO média um total de cinco horas para ganhar. Cinqüenta por cento (50%) dos norte-americanos ganham menos de 30.000 por ano, assim que o CEO média faz com que em menos de três horas. O CEO não tem mesmo trabalho por um dia inteiro. De acordo com o major de cilindro Institute (2006), uma organização não-partidária, sem fins lucrativos, think tank, seu Índice de Injustiça 2006 considera que a relação entre a remuneração média anual dos EUA para CEO do salário mínimo do trabalhador é 821:1 enquanto há vinte anos a relação foi 40:1. De acordo com Kevin Murphy, da Universidade da Califórnia do Sul, a média EUA CEO pagar aumentou 369 vezes maior do que o trabalhador médio em 2005, enquanto era 191 vezes em 1993 e 36 vezes em 1976 (Krugman, 2002). Compare a taxa de 1993 EUA CEO pagar ao trabalhador médio americano de 191:1 para a mesma proporção na Alemanha, que era 23:01 e Japão, que era 17:01 (Clinton, 1992). Em 2006, os 20 CEOs de empresas dos EUA fez três vezes mais do que os 20 CEOs de empresas europeias que tiveram maiores lucros das vendas do que os seus homólogos dos EUA (Sahadi, 2007). Em agosto de 2007, o Instituto de Estudos Políticos e Unidos por uma Economia Justa publicaram seu estudo conjunto sobre a diferença salarial entre os trabalhadores americanos contra média CEOs, gerentes de private equity e gestores de hedge funds. Private equity e pagar gestores de hedge funds 'em média 657,5 milhões dólares em 2006, que é 16.000 vezes mais do que o trabalhador médio em tempo integral e é 61 vezes maior do que o salário médio CEO (Sahadi, 2007).
  20. Paul Krugman (2002), an economist at MIT and regular columnist for The New York Times, reports that in a 29 year period between 1970 and 1999, the average annual salary in America rose ten percent (10%) whereas, during the same period, according to Fortune magazine, the average real annual compensation of the top CEOs in America rose more than 1,000 times the pay of ordinary American workers and, according to a 2001 Congressional Budget Office study, between 1979 and 1997, the after-tax incomes of the top 1 percent of American families rose 157 percent (157%). Krugman (2005) reports that the average income of the top one percent (1%) of Americans has doubled since 1973 and the income of the top 0.1% has tripled. According to the United Nations Development Report (United Nations, 1999), the net wealth of the ten wealthiest billionaires is $133,000,000,000 (133 billion dollars), more than 1.5 times the total national income of the least developed countries. Doug Henwood (1998), in Wall Street: How It Works and for Whom, writes that the richest 5% of Americans own 95% of all stock shares and the top 1% of the population owns 25% of the productive capital and future profits of corporate America. In Henwood's (2003) After the New Economy, he exposes that the richest 10% of Americans possess over ¾ of all the wealth in America and the bottom 50% has almost none of the wealth, but notes that they do have substantial debt. In a government study, the group which had the largest growth in total income between 2000 and 2005 was the top 0.001% individuals who make $1 million or more and which grew by more than 26% during these five years (Johnston, 2007). In the recent government report of the top 0.001% who make $1 million+, that group not only walked away with almost 47% of the total income gains in 2005 compared to 2000, but, according to Citizens for Tax Justice, they captured 62% of the savings from the reduced tax rates on long-term capital gains and dividends for the wealthy that President Bush signed into law in 2003 (Johnston, 2007). If the richest 5% of Americans own 95% of all stock shares and the top 1% of the population owns 25% of the productive capital and future profits of corporate America, it does not take a math genius to deduce that President Bush's tax cuts for the wealthy have overwhelmingly benefited 5% of Americans and have resulted in vastly deteriorated economic outlooks for the other 95%. The Citizens for Tax Justice reports that out of 134 million American taxpayers, those who make $10 million or more-a total of 11,433 taxpayers—saved almost $1.9 million each and reaped 28% of the investment tax cut savings. As an aggregate, these 11,433 Americans saved $21.7 billion in taxes on their investments as a direct result of President Bush's tax cuts for the top wealthiest in America while the other 90% of American who make less than $100,000 a year saved an average of $318 on each investment.
  21. One investment bank has commented that the current period for corporations is “the golden era of profitability” (Greenhouse & Leonhardt, 2006, p. A.1) with corporate profits climbing to the highest amount since the 1960s. Even though productivity levels have risen by double digits in the past decade, American workers' pay increases have risen by less than 2%. As Herbert (2007) describes it this way: “If your productivity increases by 18% and your pay goes up 1%, you've been dealt a hand full of jokers in which jokers aren't wild” (p. A.19). Most productivity gains have gone straight into the pockets of corporate executives. The savings rate for middle and poor class is now negative and more Americans are filing for bankruptcy than they are for divorce (Herbert, 2007). Moreover, 30 million Americans, or 25% of the US workforce, make less than $9.00 per hour, or just $17,280 per year and, according to 2004 US Census Bureau statistics, 37 million Americans now live in poverty (Hartmann, 2006).
  22. Multinational corporations own animal patents to clone animals. The first animal patent that was issued was in 1988 for the “Oncomouse,” a genetically manipulated mouse to develop cancers that mirror human diseases. The research was conducted at Harvard University, but it was DuPont that was awarded the European Patent 169672 on the mouse in 1992. More than 660 animal patents have been issued in the United States since 1988. This means corporations have power over the DNA structure if cloning is not banned. If there is no ethical and moral line to be drawn with cloning of animals, how long will it take until humans are cloned? What happens if another Hitler or Stalin assume power?
  23. More than 75 percent of workers in most of the industrial nations are performing work that is primarily simple and repetitive (Rifkin, 2004). In the United States, out of 124 million workers, more than 90 million jobs are at risk for replacement by machines. Currently, 3.6 billion out of 5.4 billion people in the world lack adequate cash or credit to purchase goods and services (Barnet & Cavanagh, 1994). Human androids are being made that will, one day, be indiscernible to a real human being (Whitehouse, 2005). Will they have a conscience? Not only will these androids take over work because of their slavish, blind obedience to authority and the wealthy capitalists, how will billions of unemployed real human beings survive and how will a real human being know if they are marrying a human being or an android? Will androids have legal and political rights? If so, without a conscience, how will they vote and what will they demand? If they become leaders, what will become of the world?
  24. Corporações e indivíduos agora possuem patentes em 20 de patógenos humanos (Crichton, 2007). This allows the owner of the patents to halt research, prevent medical testing, and to withhold vital information from a patient or doctor. A corporation can charge any amount for tests related to that disease. The owner of the genome for Hepatitis C is paid millions of dollars by researchers to study the disease. Not surprisingly, researchers turn to studying other less expensive diseases. When SARS was spreading around the world, medical researchers were reticent to study it because of the patent concerns behind it. The inhibition of innovation and research makes the patenting of human genes particularly insidious. Corporations literally have the power to prevent the finding of cures for disease. Perhaps the most disturbing patent is that of US patent 5,476,995 on Tracey the sheep. Tracey had human genes injected into her mammary glands to produce a certain protein. The alteration of her genetic make-up allows the two companies which own her, Pharmaceutical Proteins Ltd. and Bayer, to describe her as a human invention. This takes the concept of Orwellian doublespeak and turns it into the more accurate phrase: diabolical deception.
  25. Millions of birds, cats, dogs, farm animals, fish, mice, monkeys, rats, rabbits and a host of other domestic and wild animals are subjected to animal testing by psychologists, biologists, biochemists, physiologists, and geneticists. In a 2005 study, it was reported that the United States used 1.14 million animals (excluding rats, mice, birds and cold-blooded species), and an estimated 100 million mice for research (PETA, 2006a). Of these, it is known that 84, 662 animals suffered pain without pain relief. In the same study, it was found that Canada used 2.32 million animals for research and 167,000 animals were subjected to experiments that cause severe pain. In Great Britain, a total of 2.45 million animal experiments were conducted.
  26. The military testing of weapons in which they use animals as subjects is a particularly horrible practice, but the public remains largely uninformed about it. According to PETA (2006b), the US military uses AK-47 rifles, biological and chemical weapons, and nuclear blasts to test on animals. In 2001, the Department of Defense (DOD) reported that more than 330,000 dogs, cats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, nonhuman primates, rats, mice, dolphins, fish, and other animals had been subjects in their military tests. This excludes the experiments conducted by nongovernmental organizations in which sheep, goats, and pigs are shot in wound experiments, so the aggregate number of military tests in which animals are used is likely underreported.
  27. President George W. Bush has backed out of important treaties since gaining power. He backed out of the Kyoto Treaty after assuming office in 2001 which meant he refused to honor commitments to work with over 100 other countries who had signed the treaty in addressing global warming. That was troubling enough. Then in December 2001 Bush announced that the United States would no longer honor the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty that the US signed with Russia in which there was a sort of balance of powers established. This withdrawal marked the first formal unilateral withdrawal of a major power from a nuclear arms treaty and it also triggered Russia to withdraw from its commitments under the START II arms reduction treaty. If that wasn't alarming enough, in 2002, the Department of Defense presented the Nuclear Posture Review to Congress which expanded the range of situations in which the US could use nuclear weapons allowing the option of using nuclear weapons against non-nuclear nations. This was another withdrawal from an agreement the US had made in 1995 when it said it would not use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon parties unless they attacked the US while allied with another nuclear-weapon country. The Nuclear Posture Review to Congress also allowed pre-emptive attacks and permitted the development of nuclear warheads. In November 2006, Bush posted plans on a public website stating intentions to build nuclear weapons. Immediately following, six Arab nations made formal announcements that they were launching nuclear programs of their own. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) announced that Saudia Arabia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, the United Arab of Emirates, and Egypt had revealed their nuclear ambitions the prior month and were giving formal notice of those plans. Arms experts called this announcement a “stunning reversal of policy” in the Arab world because of a long past of commitments to a nuclear free Middle East. While the six countries told the IAEA that their intention was the pursuit of nuclear energy, not nuclear weapons, it is clear that nuclear energy technology can be turned into weaponry. Then in mid 2007, Bush announced he was going to build a missile shield in Eastern Europe. Vladimir Putin responded by notifying NATO governments that Russia would suspend its obligations under the 1990 Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty, a cold war treaty that limited arms proliferation. Putin said that the bullying of President Bush was forcing Russia to make this move particularly with two major moves: the combination of the US backing away from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and its intention to rearm Eastern Europe.
  28. There are currently (as of April 2008) nine countries that have nuclear weapons: United States, Great Britain, France, Russia, North Korea, China, India, Pakistan and Israel.
  29. Following the bombing of Japan, a group of American atomic scientists published an article in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (BAS) establishing the Doomsday Clock and set it at 7 minutes before the close of midnight. It was intended to be a stark symbol of how close the world was approaching total obliteration. In 2006, the BAS directors and affiliated scientists met to reassess what the most grievous threats to life on the planet are today. The decision was made that global warming is second only to nuclear annihilation and so the Doomsday clock was moved up by two minutes. It is now set at five minutes before midnight.

The informed, compassionate, and active are tasked with daunting and overwhelming challenges. It is imperative for us to build bridges and remain connected during these profoundly troubling times. Let us persevere, stay informed, remain sober and realistic, and act with moral conscience on the scientific information that is available to us. And let us keep hope alive.

Lists such as this, and there are many additions that could be made to this list relating to the damage we are doing to the planetary ecosystem, and the suffering that we inflict on each other and other life, illustrates just how evil this system/culture that we call civilisation truly is. Although economic collapse is undoubtedly causing lots of hardship and suffering, it is unlikely to come close to the hardship and suffering that modern industrial capitalist civilisation causes, or the increased devastation it will cause if it continues.
It will be better for most of us if the system collapses fast, and we can then get on with the job of rebuilding local communities, helping nature wherever we can to recreate her wildernesses, and learning how to live hand in hand with her.

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The Fallacy of Democracy

In America, there's a lot of hoopla going on right now about the upcoming election. American citizens are given several choices for a presidential leader, and must choose the one that they feel represents them the most. Then a new dude gets elected and we're all happy and get on with the next four years of our lives.

election.jpg

Democracy is one of the biggest delusions we have been taught to believe. Você quer saber por quê? First of all, the elections are controlled by the people already in power. The people who have the most access to campaign resources (and the most money to buy them) will obviously have the most successful campaign. Second, we are given two choices for a leader. Two. Yes, I know there are a whole list of independent candidates on each ballot, but election propaganda sets up political freedom as an either/or choice; You pick this guy because you hate that guy. And since the majority of Americans vote for one of the two main candidates, even if you do support a minority party, your vote pretty much doesn't count and usually ends up working against you in the end.

And the more subtle fallacy at work? A president is not elected based on popular vote. It's electoral votes that count. So it's easy for the people in power to do their research and figure out how they can manipulate the votes in certain areas and get a chosen candidate elected. And if that doesn't work, then they can just “lose” or “misplace” a few thousand votes and call it good.

Of course, there is still a bunch of red tape rigamaroll invented to trick people into thinking their votes are very important . Voters must be registered. All votes are anonymous. Voters must go to the proper precinct to vote. All of this crap, and the president isn't even chosen by us! Not to mention that the current voting process makes it impossible for low-income individuals to vote. How do they know where to get their registration forms if they don't have a phone or internet access? How do they pick one up if they don't have a car? How do they vote if they have to work a 10-hour shift that day, and don't have the postage to send in an absentee ballot?

Mas eu discordo. I'll lay my cards on the table and admit that I'm planning on voting on November 4th, and I'm really excited about the idea of having Barack Obama as a leader. But on the other hand, I know that nothing I think or say or do matters when the same old boys club is going to be reigning in the White House until the end of time. And I wish everyone else could see that too. Some do, but they still allow elections to divide them and break them down. Can't we start believing in something other than the republic? How about ourselves? Or our communities? Or anything else that hasn't already become corrupted by out-of-control, unbridled power?

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manufacturing thirst: the hidden water costs of our industrial economy

By Kari Lydersen, article on alternet.

From the mining of raw materials to energy production to the manufacturing process itself, industry guzzles tons of water.

…..The rampant waste of freshwater for general public use — lawn watering, the creation of suburban fake lakes, excessive bathing and household washing — has been well documented, as has the politically charged use of water in US agriculture. But the use and abuse of water in various parts of the global industrial economy is often overlooked. From the mining of raw materials for manufacturing to energy production, to the manufacturing process itself, the US industrial economy uses a significant amount of water every year.

Exact numbers for the amount of water used outside of agriculture or home consumption are difficult to come by. The US Geological Survey (USGS) estimates that industry uses about five percent of all the water in the US, but does not include mining or electricity generation in that figure. A report from Dow Chemical puts the figure much higher, at around 20 percent. And perhaps more importantly, neither number takes into account the volume of water pollution that occurs in the course of industrial processes. At the very least, it's clear that every year, billions of gallons of water are used — not to grow food or to meet physical human needs — but to quench our society's thirst for the modern conveniences and technological devices we have come to rely on.

Water Equals Power

Nothing gets manufactured without electricity — and manufacturing electricity often requires water. Power generation is the thirstiest sector of the industrial economy, slurping up 195 billion gallons per day, according to the USGS. While about a third of this is saline (either ocean water or brackish groundwater), the rest is freshwater from lakes and rivers.

About 70 percent of US electricity comes from coal and nuclear plants, each of which produce power by heating water to make steam, which spins a turbine. Typical coal-burning or nuclear power plants have “open” or “closed” cooling systems. Closed systems reuse the same water multiple times and therefore require much less water. An open system runs water just once through the plant and then returns it to the source. In plants that use “once-through” water systems, the water is returned to the lake, ocean, or river it came from about 30 degrees warmer.

This increase in water temperature can cause fish kills, algae blooms, or otherwise greatly alter the natural biological makeup of the water body. Meanwhile, the intake pipes for such open cooling systems can be lethal for fish and aquatic microorganisms; electricity plants must sometimes be shut down when the pipes are clogged by fish, debris, or ice. Nuclear energy is an especially water-intensive technology.

A 1,400-megawatt nuclear reactor requires enough water to fill 5,000 Olympic swimming pools per year, according to a 2006 Australian study. The study, commissioned by the Queensland government, warns that the country's severe drought could be exacerbated by building more nuclear power plants, which use about 25 percent more water than coal plants. The Union of Concerned Scientists calls nuclear power plants' need for water “insatiable.”

The mining of the coal and uranium needed to feed these electricity stations is also highly destructive to local water sources. Until it was shut down by a lawsuit in 2005, the infamous Peabody Western Coal Company used precious groundwater from the dry Navajo and Hopi Nations to mix with pulverized coal and piped the slurry all the way from its Black Mesa mine in Arizona 275 miles to the Mohave Generating Station in Nevada. In Appalachia, many residents are no longer able to drink from their wells because blasting for coal has fractured their water tables and left their wells dangerously contaminated.

In 2003, Maria Gunnoe, a West Virginia mother who gained national attention for her activism against coal strip-mining, found her well contaminated from runoff from two nearby containing ponds storing waste from coal processing — waste that included selenium, lime, arsenic, and other toxins. “I had a 55-gallon fish tank, and I changed the water and this albino catfish I had had for eight years died instantly,” she said. “The water was all green. This happened overnight. When I turned on the shower, the smell was so awful I couldn't take it. My kids and I all got skin reactions.”

Gunnoe started buying bottled water for all their household needs, to the tune of $250 a month. To add insult to injury, the road to her house was so damaged from blasting at the mine that she had to walk long distances to carry the heavy store-bought water home. And once-lovely Appalachian river valleys have been “in-filled” with waste from mountaintop removal mining. That is, the rivers essentially have been filled up with jumbled earth and ore sliced off to get at the lucrative coal seams. Regional activists have been fighting a loophole in the Clean Water Act that currently allows this destruction to occur.

Uranium mining poses similar environmental risks. Record-high prices for uranium in the past year mean that companies are hoping once again to mine uranium in the American Southwest, home to a thriving uranium industry from the 1940s to the 1980s. Much of the mining was done on or near Navajo land, and many of the miners were Navajos. The government is still processing compensation claims for miners suffering from lung cancer and other diseases caused by uranium exposure. Navajo Larry King remembers seeing his cows' coats turn yellowish and their hooves brittle, and even seeing them keel over and die after drinking from uranium-contaminated wells on his land.

“Before, even people drank water from the windmill,” says King, referring to the well that is pumped by wind power. “We bathed in it and everything. Then they told us it wasn't good for humans, so we had to start hauling water from Gallup. But some families still let their livestock drink there. They're drinking uranium.” King remembers the day in 1979 when the Rio Puerco River, which runs by his land, was inundated with 90 million gallons of radioactive uranium-laden liquid from a waste pond after a barricade burst.

“Cattle drank from the wash, and they just started dropping dead for a few years,” he says. “Even now I find bones there.” This time around, companies want to use a method called “in situ recovery.” Instead of hauling the uranium-laced ore out of the ground, they would inject water into uranium-laced aquifers, mobilizing the uranium so it can be pumped out along with the water. Companies aiming to use this process say they will use reverse osmosis to clean the water to its original baseline condition. But critics are doubtful.

Eric Jantz, a lawyer challenging the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's decision to allow in situ mining in New Mexico's Navajo country, says there is a “100 percent chance” the aquifer will be radioactively contaminated from in situ mining. Like coal and uranium mining, oil extraction can also require vast amounts of water. With the current oil crunch, companies are taking extreme measures to squeeze every last drop of oil from sources that previously would have been considered unprofitable or inefficient. In older oil fields, water is often injected into the wells to help pry the last sticky remnants out of the ground.

One of the most water-intensive petroleum extraction methods occurs in the gooey tar sands of Alberta, where it takes three to six barrels of water to harvest each barrel of oil, a process that sucks Canadian rivers and aquifers dry. Low river levels have already been attributed to tar sand excavation, and the industry is only in its nascent stages. As the Canadian organization Global Research put it in a December 2007 article: “While Canada has more water than any other country — it is the Saudi Arabia of water — polluting the planet's largest supply of freshwater for a short-term burst of energy production is one of the most insane behaviors imaginable.”

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one in four mammals threatened with extinction

by Alister Doyle, reprinted from commondreams.org

A quarter of the world's mammals are threatened with extinction, an international survey showed on Monday, and the destruction of habitats and hunting are the major causes.

The Caspian Seal (Pusa caspica) moved from vulnerable to endangered. Its population has declined by 90% in the last 100 years due to unsustainable hunting and habitat degradation and is still decreasing Photograph: Simon Goodman/IUCN

The report, the most comprehensive to date by 1,700 researchers, showed populations of half of all 5,487 species of mammals were in decline. Mammals range in size from blue whales to Thailand's insect-sized bumblebee bat.

Mammals are declining faster than we thought — one in four species is threatened with extinction worldwide ,” Jan Schipper, who led the team, told Reuters of the report issued in Barcelona as part of a “Red List” of threatened species.

He said threats were worst for land mammals in Asia, where creatures such as orang utans are suffering from deforestation. Almost 80 percent of primates in the region were under threat.

Of the 4,651 mammals for which scientists have data, 1,139 species were under threat of extinction. Schipper said the data was far broader than the previous review of mammals in 1996.

Threats to species including the Tasmanian Devil, an Australian marsupial, the Caspian seal or the fishing cat, found in Asia, were among those to have worsened. At least 76 mammals have gone extinct since 1500.

Within our lifetime hundreds of species could be lost as a result of our own actions, ” said Julia Marton-Lefevre, director general of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which compiles the Red List and is meeting in Spain.

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the death march of the penguins

Julia Whitty writes on Alternet about the disappearing sea ice of Antarctica, and the impact this is having on penguins.

Hiking back into radio range, we hear from Ron Naveen, counting southern giant petrel nests on the other side of the island. It's terrible here, he reports, just awful. At first I picture him befouled by stomach-oil spit from the bellies of the huge albatrosslike birds the whalers called stinkers. But his concern is that he's found only 75 nests in a colony that once housed more than 600. Worse, it appears all the petrels are sitting on eggs, far too late in the season for the chicks to survive. The whole island is a bust.

Breeding success in Antarctica is highly variable. Local events — rain, heat, snowfall — can crash an entire season. In East Antarctica, southern giant petrels have been found dead on their nests, a single egg nestled in the brood patch, the birds having succumbed to enormous, burying snows. Yet what's happening now is indicative of a larger meteorological reality. The western Antarctic Peninsula is warming faster than any place on Earth. Wintertime temperatures have risen a staggering 9 degrees Fahrenheit in 50 years. What was once a cold, dry place has become a warm, wet place. The wildlife is reeling from the chaos, some finding opportunity, others catastrophe. On Penguin Island, Adélie populations have plummeted 75 percent since 1980.

This website graphically shows the disappearing ice in both northern and southern hemispheres, including movies and 30 year comparisons.

While the media concerns itself with the economic impact of peak oil and the so-called 'credit crunch', the ecological impact of (in particular) 100 years of cheap fuel, and (in general) 10,000 years of empire or so-called civilisation, barely gets a mention. The planet is warming, and the weather is destabilising, and still the majority are ignorant of the impact their lifestyles are having. Forests are still being cut, seas stripmined, the planet is being raped and pillaged, and people are worried about the 'value' of their house, or how they can continue to get to work with the rising price of petrol.

Sometimes it seems that things just keep on getting worse – is there any point to continue posting here? Is anyone really listening? Or thinking about how their lives impact upon nature? Or working towards a local, equitable, harmonious world? Sometimes growing our own food, and finding contentedness in one place we call home doesnt feel like enough. The impulse (human nature or conditioning?) is to try to do something BIG, but we know that big ideas, big projects, ego and empire, are some of the causes that got us all into this mess. No one can 'save the world', but we can all reduce our involvement in killing the world.

We'd love to hear from more of you, some of your stories about your actions to escape the empire, some of your reports about what works for you on your land base. Perhaps we could grant user accounts to a few people with different perspectives, and different areas? Interessado? Deixe-nos saber.

Human activities under the yoke of civilisation is messing up our life support systems, and we'd really like to report some inspirational stuff.

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status quo-oh

The floods in Iowa have spurred James Howard Kunstler to talk about 'Katrina in slow motion'.

Iowa in 2008 will be an even slower-motion disaster than Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Beyond the troubles of 25,000 people who have lost all their material possessions is a world whose grain reserves stand at record lows. The crop losses in Iowa will aggravate what is already a pretty dire situation. So far, the US Public has experienced the world grain situation mainly in higher supermarket prices. Cheap corn is behind the magic of the American processed food industry — all those pizza pockets and juicy-juice boxes that frantic Americans resort to because they have no time between two jobs and family-chauffeur duties to actually cook (note: reheating is not cooking).
Behind that magic is an agribusiness model of farming cranked up on the steroids of cheap oil and cheap natural-gas-based fertilizer. Both of these “inputs” have recently entered the realm of the non-cheap. Oil-and-gas-based farming had already reached a crisis stage before the flood of Iowa. Diesel fuel is a dollar-a-gallon higher than gasoline. Natural gas prices have doubled over the past year, sending fertilizer prices way up. American farmers are poorly positioned to reform their practices. All that cheap fossil fuel masks a tremendous decay of skill in husbandry. The farming of the decades ahead will be a lot more complicated than just buying x-amount of “inputs” (on credit) to be dumped on a sterile soil growth medium and spread around with giant diesel-powered machines.

The discovery of cheap abundant fuel in the form of oil was a dire mistake, that has enabled humans to crank up the rate of destruction – destruction that is inherent in the system that we call civilisation, but is more like a culture of empire. The natural worl has been assaulted at an unimaginable rate, along with our communities, skills, food diversity. We have been conned by huge agribusiness to do things their way – bigger, faster, more uniform, better (perhaps not!).

Like a lot of other activities in American life these days, agribusiness is unreformable along its current lines. It will take a convulsion to change it, and in that convulsion it will be dragged kicking-and-screaming into a new reality. As that occurs, the US public will have to contend with more than just higher taco chip prices. We're heading into the Vale of Malthus — Thomas Robert Malthus, the British economist-philosopher who introduced the notion that eventually world population would overtake world food production capacity. Malthus has been scorned and ridiculed in recent decades, as fossil fuel-cranked farming allowed the global population to go vertical. Techno-triumphalist observers who should have known better attributed this to the “green revolution” of bio-engineering. Malthus is back now, along with his outriders: famine, pestilence, and war.

For many of the world's peoples, the expansion of empire and the impact of global economics, has brought famine, pestilence and war. More than a few people will be glad to see 'the rich' suffer, as the oil based economy crashes, and reduces the ability of the rich to impoverish and steal from the poor (thinly diguised as trade and economic development).

Perhaps more ominous is the discontent on the trucking scene. Truckers are going broke in droves, unable to carry on their business while getting paid $2000 for loads that cost them $3000 to deliver. In Europe last week, enraged truckers paralyzed the food distribution networks of Spain and Portugal. The passivity of US truckers so far has been a striking feature of the general zombification of American life. They might continue to just crawl off one-by-one and die. But it's also possible that, at some point, they'll mount a Night-of-the-Living-Dead offensive and take their vengeance out on “the system” that has brought them to ruin. America has only about a three-day supply of food in any of its supermarkets.
The yet-more-ominous thing here is that shortages of food and oil are two fiascos that are pretty clearly predictable for the second half of the year. That's bad enough without figuring in the “unknowns” that could kick up American hardship a few more notches.The hurricane season just got underway — obscured for the moment by the bigger weather story in Iowa. The fate of the banks is a train wreck still waiting to happen. As it occurs — also heading into the high political and hurricane seasons — we could find ourselves not only a nation wet, hungry, and out-of-gas, but also completely broke.

And because we have used oil to devastate the natural environment, things are likely to get worse than most can imagine. In pre-oil times 'poor' people had forests, rivers, oceans from which to glean a basic living. If you had no money you could forage for wild foods or go fishing. People also knew what they could eat, where to find it. land was held in common, for the benefit of the community. All these things have gone. Lost to the endless march of 'progress', that wasn't progress at all, but simply 'the rich' stripmining the world, and hobbling us, tying us into the system that was created for us with their vision of one world economy.

The longer we subscribe to this corporate and heirarchical worldview, the worse things will be for us and other creatures as it crashes. The sooner we say 'enough' and walk away, and start seeking food and energy independence in local communities that value and cherish their local land bases, the softer will be the inevitable end of all things 'civilised'.

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dead zones grow in the gulf of mexico

How US farming policy leads to 'dead zones,' huge marine areas where nothing can grow , by Kent Garber.

Each spring, the cycle of death begins anew. Nitrogen and phosphorus, leached from fertilizer, pass from farmland into streams, from streams into rivers—the Mississippi, the Potomac, the Susquehanna—and then, finally, into some of the country's great bodies of water: the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake Bay. There the chemicals collect each summer, spawning the growth of algae, which deplete the water of oxygen and lead to ghostly aquatic wastelands. Marine life, if mobile enough, will swim away; the rest will suffocate and die.

Scientists have monitored the growth of these so-called dead zones since the late 1970s. They have tried to promote policies to reduce their size, without much success. Last summer, the dead zone along the Gulf of Mexico coast spanned nearly 8,000 square miles— its third-largest occurrence on record and roughly the size of Massachusetts.

Farmers are effectively killing the ocean, by spraying poisons on the land. And the problem is getting worse thanks to biofuels.

Spurred by recent ethanol mandates and, to a lesser extent, high commodity prices, US farmers are planting record-size crops. From 2006 to 2007, corn acres rose by about 15 million, mostly in the Mississippi River basin. Mid-Atlantic farmers are expected to plant 500,000 more acres of corn, soybeans, and wheat this year than they did in 2006, a 7 percent jump.

To grow more crops, particularly corn, farmers usually have to use more fertilizer. Fertilizer runoff is the primary contributor to dead zone formation, the source of three quarters of the nitrogen and more than half of the phosphorous in the water. In a recent study, researchers at the University of British Columbia and the University of Wisconsin found that the US government's goal to produce 36 billion gallons of ethanol by 2022, with a maximum of 15 billion from corn, would most likely increase the nitrogen flow to the Gulf by 10 to 20 percent.

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